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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GL.3 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18248.7 | Germany |
| KP.2.3.1 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18248.7 | Germany |
| BC.2 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18248.7 | Germany |
| XAY.1.2 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18248.7 | Germany |
| XAY.1.1.2 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18248.7 | Germany |
| XAY.1.1.3 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18248.7 | Germany |
| XAY.1.1.1 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18248.7 | Germany |
| XAY.1.1 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18248.7 | Germany |
| BZ.2 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18248.7 | Germany |
| KP.2.3.2 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18248.7 | Germany |
| BQ.1.1.19 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18248.7 | Germany |
| B.1.305 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -18242.2 | South Korea |
| B.1.1.272 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -18242.2 | South Korea |
| B.1.324 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -18241.4 | China |
| B.1.436 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -18241.4 | China |
| B.1.517 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -18241.4 | China |
| BN.1.11 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -18241.1 | Japan |
| AS.2 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -18241.1 | Japan |
| B.1.640.1 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -18241.1 | Japan |
| B.1.632 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -18241.1 | Japan |
| B.1.243.2 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -18241.1 | Japan |
| BA.2.77 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -18241.1 | Japan |
| CJ.1.3.2 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -18241.1 | Japan |
| B.1.640 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -18241.1 | Japan |
| B.1.637.1 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -18241.1 | Japan |
| W.4 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -18232.5 | Thailand |
| B.1.1.410 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -18232.5 | Thailand |
| B.1.120 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -18232.5 | Thailand |
| B.1.103 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18219.9 | Thailand |
| BA.5.1.36 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18219.9 | Thailand |
| B.1.1.285 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18219.9 | Thailand |
| JN.1.18.7 | N | Chan-N | GCGTTCTTCGGAATGTCG | 18 | 55.56 | 29210 | 29227 | F | -18194.4 | China |
| BA.2.86.6 | N | Chan-N | GCGTTCTTCGGAATGTCG | 18 | 55.56 | 29210 | 29227 | F | -18194.4 | China |
| B.1.160.33 | N | Chan-N | GCGTTCTTCGGAATGTCG | 18 | 55.56 | 29210 | 29227 | F | -18194.4 | China |
| BA.5.2.32 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| B.1.631 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| CF.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| BF.10.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| BA.5.2.40 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| BF.7.26 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| XBJ.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| BF.39.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| BF.5.2 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| BA.5.2.46 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| BF.21 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| BF.11.5 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| BF.1.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| XBJ | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| DQ.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| BF.31.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -18184 | Thailand |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |