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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B.1.106 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -18800.2 | Hong Kong |
| D.2 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -18800.2 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.593 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -18800.2 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.438.1 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -18800.2 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.639 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -18798.9 | Thailand |
| AY.35 (Delta) | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -18798.9 | Thailand |
| BA.2.3.13 | N | NIID-JP-N | TGGCAGCTGTGTAGGTCAAC | 20 | 55 | 29282 | 29263 | R | -18774.7 | Japan |
| AY.39.1.1 (Delta) | N | NIID-JP-N | TGGCAGCTGTGTAGGTCAAC | 20 | 55 | 29282 | 29263 | R | -18774.7 | Japan |
| JD.1.1.4 | N | NIID-JP-N | TGGCAGCTGTGTAGGTCAAC | 20 | 55 | 29282 | 29263 | R | -18774.7 | Japan |
| BQ.1.32 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -18766.3 | China |
| XBB.1.5.53 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -18766.3 | China |
| XCC | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -18766.3 | China |
| B.1.411 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -18766.3 | China |
| XA | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| FU.1.1.1 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| BF.3 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| BF.3.1 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| BA.5.2.4 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| XBM | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| FU.2.1 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| FU.5 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.16.1 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| FU.3.1 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| BA.5.2.54 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| AY.48 (Delta) | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| EG.5.1.18 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| FU.1 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| FU.3 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| FU.4 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| FU.1.1 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| FU.2 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -18758.6 | South Korea |
| B.1.1.228 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18757.2 | South Korea |
| AD.1 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| B.1.1.359 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| B.1.1.315 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| AD.2 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| B.23 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| BN.1.5 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| BN.1.3.9 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| B.1.160.22 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| AY.4.2.4 (Delta) | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| B.1.1.334 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| XBB.1.5 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| BF.15 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -18756.6 | US |
| B.1.623 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -18743.8 | China |
| B.1.637 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -18743.8 | China |
| B.1.526 (Iota) | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -18743.8 | China |
| B.1.637.1 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -18743.8 | China |
| XCR | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -18739.4 | Japan |
| A.28 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -18735.2 | Germany |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |