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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
XDR	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
XDR	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-16797.4	Japan
XDR	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
JN.1.38	N	NIID-JP-N	AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC	20	45	29125	29144	F	-20489.8	Japan
JN.1.38	N	NIID-JP-N	TGGCAGCTGTGTAGGTCAAC	20	55	29282	29263	R	-20522.3	Japan
JN.1.38	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
JN.1.38	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
JN.1.38	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
JN.1.38	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
JN.1.38	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-20812.9	Japan
JN.1.38	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
JN.1.38	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-22762.7	Japan
JN.1.38	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG	25	32	24900	24876	R	-23857.7	Japan
JN.1.38	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
JN.1.38	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
JN.1.38	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-16797.4	Japan
JN.1.38	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
JC.5.1	N	NIID-JP-N	AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC	20	45	29125	29144	F	-20489.8	Japan
JC.5.1	N	NIID-JP-N	TGGCAGCTGTGTAGGTCAAC	20	55	29282	29263	R	-20522.3	Japan
JC.5.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-2757.89	Japan
JC.5.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
JC.5.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-1981.59	Japan
JC.5.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
JC.5.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-2648.21	Japan
JC.5.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
JC.5.1	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
JC.5.1	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG	25	32	24900	24876	R	-23857.7	Japan
JC.5.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
JC.5.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
JC.5.1	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
JC.5.1	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
XDP	N	NIID-JP-N	AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC	20	45	29125	29144	F	-20489.8	Japan
XDP	N	NIID-JP-N	TGGCAGCTGTGTAGGTCAAC	20	55	29282	29263	R	-20522.3	Japan
XDP	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
XDP	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
XDP	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
XDP	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
XDP	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-20812.9	Japan
XDP	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
XDP	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-22762.7	Japan
XDP	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG	25	32	24900	24876	R	-23857.7	Japan
XDP	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
XDP	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
XDP	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-16797.4	Japan
XDP	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
KP.3	N	NIID-JP-N	AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC	20	45	29125	29144	F	-20489.8	Japan
KP.3	N	NIID-JP-N	TGGCAGCTGTGTAGGTCAAC	20	55	29282	29263	R	-20522.3	Japan
KP.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
KP.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
KP.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used